What are the different types of Research & Sampling Procedure?

There are different types of research and the basic types of research are as follows

1) Descriptive Versus Analytical: This research includes fact-finding enquiries or surveys of different kinds. In business research, it is called as Ex post facto research. The researcher does not have control over the variables. In analytical research, the researcher uses the information already readily available and analyse the information critically and present it.

2) Applied vs. Fundamental: Action (Applied) research aims at finding a solution for an immediate problem facing an industry or business or society, while basic (fundamental) is concerned with generalizations with a formulation of a theory.

3) Qualitative or Quantitative research: Quantitative research focuses on numbers and measurement while qualitative research aims more at thoroughly describing a situation or explaining reasons for a problem or circumstances

4) Conceptual Vs Empirical: Abstract idea (s) or theory is conceptual research and used by philosophers while empirical (experimental) research relies on observation or experience alone. In this type of research, the researcher must provide a working hypothesis and prove or disprove the same using appropriate methodology.

5) Other types of Research: Based on the purpose of research PhD Candidates can also choose other types of research such as longitudinal research, field setting research, simulation research, laboratory research, clinical or diagnostic research, historical research, conclusion oriented research, operation research, decision-oriented research.

Sampling Procedure

In PhD research sampling is important, as it helps in the estimation and testing of hypothesis. Moreover, the accuracy of the survey and precision affects the survey results. Hence strict attention has to be paid to the sample planning.

To decide appropriate sampling methods, PhD research scholar must define the population. You must remember that the imprecision of the population definition leads to imprecise research.

Sample can be decided based on judgement, minimum cell size required, or budget based. There are two types of sampling

1) Nonprobability sampling procedure (NPS)

Under NPS, quota sampling, judgement sampling, convenience sampling and snowball sampling

2) Probability sampling procedures

• Simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling and area sampling.
• How would you define size sample

However, the type of research is based on the purpose of your PhD study. It is always good to contact research methodology expertise of your area for more valuable information.